Singapore’s OECD Results Are Not Simply a Product of the Tuition Industry

Beyond Tuition: What Really Drives Singapore’s PISA Success?

It is often suggested that Singapore’s strong performance in OECD assessments is largely driven by its extensive tuition industry. But this claim does not hold up against the evidence. If private tuition were the primary driver of national performance, we would expect two clear patterns: Students who cannot afford extensive tutoring would lag behind international […]